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Swallowing Disorders

Swallowing is a rapid and overlapping sequence of events controlled by the brain and executed my many muscles of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach. Like many body functions, we rarely think about it till something goes wrong. Have you ever experienced a moment where food got “stuck”, or “went down the wrong pipe”, resulting in a sensation of choking? In a healthy person this is resolved with either a cough or throat clear. And you continue eating. The term dysphagia is used to describe a disordered swallow as a result of damage to muscles or nerves that control the swallowing mechanism. Dysphagia can also occur from problems related to neurological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, or loss of organs due to surgery or traumatic injury. 

Dysphagia and Quality of Life

Eating is not only essential for survival, but also plays a crucial roles in many cultures and in our social interactions. Disordered swallowing can have negative impacts on quality of life, and It is estimated that 300,000 to 600,000 people with clinically significant dysphagia are diagnosed annually (Murry, Carrau, & Chan 2018). Some common consequences of dysphagia include dehydration, malnutrition, weight loss, and pneumonia as a result of aspiration, or food or liquid entering the airway that carries bacteria. Additional consequences diet restrictions, reluctances to participate or attend events where food is present, foods related to a persons culture or religion may not be permitted. 

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Signs and Symptoms of dysphagia 

Eating Out
  • Pain while swallowing

  • Inability to swallow

  • A sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest or behind the breastbone (sternum)

  • Drooling

  • Hoarseness

  • Food coming back up (regurgitation)

  • Frequent heartburn

  • Food or stomach acid backing up into the throat

  • Weight loss

  • Coughing or gagging when swallowing

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